The Jews of Azerbaijan

Located on the southern edge of the Caucusus, and bordered by Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Iran and the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan has a population of over eight million. The majority of its inhabitants are Turkish-speaking Shiite Muslims, as well as Armenians and Christian Lezgins. Approximately 12,000 Jews live in the country.
Early History
Jews have lived in Azerbaijan for centuries and can be divided into two groups: Ashkenazi and Jews of Persian origin. Ashkenazim settled in Azerbaijan in the 19th century during a Czarist Russian attempt to infuse Russian culture into the region. Other Ashkenazim came to Azerbaijan during World War II to escape the Nazis. The Persian Jews, also known as Caucasian Mountain Jews, can be traced to Azerbaijan from before the 5th century. Their history is more than 2,000 years long and Azerbaijan has historically been very welcoming toward them.