We all know to dial 911 in an emergency situation, but when everyone is suffering from the same emergency (think Superstorm Sandy), assistance may be delayed. That’s why it’s important for your family to know what to do before help arrives.
Winter storms can range from a moderate snow over a few hours to a blizzard with blinding, wind-driven snow that lasts for several days. Some winter storms are large enough to affect several states, while others affect only a single community. Many winter storms are accompanied by dangerously low temperatures and sometimes by strong winds, icing, sleet and freezing rain.
Winter Storm Alerts
Regardless of the severity of the storm, you should be prepared in order to remain safe. Everyone should know the difference between a winter storm outlook, advisory, watch and warning. A winter storm outlook means storm conditions are possible in the next two to five days. A winter weather advisory means winter weather conditions are expected to cause significant inconveniences and may be hazardous. When caution is used, these situations should not be life threatening. A winter storm watch means storm conditions are possible within the next 36 to 48 hours. People in a watch area should review their winter storm plans and stay informed about weather conditions. A winter storm warning means life-threatening, severe winter conditions have begun or will begin within 24 hours. People in a warning area should take precautions immediately.
During winter weather, dress in several layers of lightweight clothing, wear mittens and a hat (preferably one that covers your ears). Wear waterproof, insulated boots to keep your feet warm and dry and to maintain your footing on ice and in snow. Minimize travel. If travel is necessary, keep a disaster supplies kit in your vehicle. Listen to local news channels for critical information from the National Weather Service.
Winterize your vehicle and keep the gas tank full. A full tank will keep the fuel line from freezing. Insulate your home by installing storm windows or covering windows with plastic from the inside to keep cold air out. Maintain heating equipment and chimneys by having them cleaned and inspected every year. All fuel-burning equipment should be vented to the outside and kept clear.
Cold-Related Emergencies
Frostbite and hypothermia are two dangerous and potentially life-threatening emergencies. Learn how to care for them by taking a first aid class.
Go to a designated public shelter if your home loses power or heat during periods of extreme cold.
Avoid driving when conditions include sleet, freezing rain, snow or dense fog.
Before tackling strenuous tasks in cold temperatures, consider your physical condition, the weather factors and the nature of the task.
Help people who require special assistance, such as elderly people living alone, people with disabilities and children.
Caution: Carbon Monoxide Kills
Never use a generator, grill, camp stove or other gasoline, propane, natural gas or charcoal-burning device inside a home, garage, basement or any partially enclosed area. Locate unit away from doors, windows and vents that could allow carbon monoxide to come indoors.
The primary hazards to avoid when using alternate sources for electricity, heating or cooking are carbon monoxide poisoning, electric shock and fire. Install carbon monoxide alarms in central locations on every level of your home and outside sleeping areas to provide early warning of accumulating carbon monoxide. If the carbon monoxide alarm sounds, move quickly to a fresh air location outdoors or by an open window or door. Call for help from the fresh air location and remain there until emergency personnel arrive to assist you.
Things You’ll Need During an Emergency
• Water – at least a 3 day supply; one gallon per person, per day
• Food – at least a 3 day supply of nonperishable, easy-to-prepare food
• Matches
• Flashlight
• A battery-powered or hand-crank radio
• Extra batteries
• First aid kit
• Medications (7 day supply) and medical items (hearing aids with extra batteries, glasses, contact lenses, cane)
• Multipurpose tool
• Sanitation and personal hygiene items
• Copies of personal documents (medication list and pertinent medical information, proof of address, deed/lease to home, passports, birth certificates, insurance policies)
• Cell phone with chargers
• Family and emergency contact information
• Extra cash
• Baby bottles, formula, baby food, diapers
• Pet supplies
• Tools/supplies for securing your home
• Sand, rock salt or non-clumping kitty litter to make walkways and steps less slippery
• Warm coats, gloves or mittens, hats, boots, extra blankets and warm clothing for all household members.
Explain your emergency plan to every member of your family and put their safety and yours above all else.
